Table of contents

• Hotkeys
• CLI
  • sd
  • Resources
• Pandoc
• ExifTool
  • Show metadata
  • File renaming
  • Directories
  • Resources
• git
• Nextcloud
  • Manually install applications
  • Maintenance mode
• Docker
  • Notes
  • Run
  • Networks
  • Storage
  • Questions

I use tech devices a lot, maybe too much, but I don’t dive in too technically. The few times I have to get things done with more technical tools, I need some reference.

Hotkeys

Hotkeys

CLI

Useful terminal commands

change screenshot format

defaults write com.apple.screencapture type jpg
killall SystemUIServer

build a Jekyll website and deploy it

#!/bin/bash

JEKYLL_ENV=production bundle exec jekyll build
rsync -avr --rsh='ssh' --delete-after --delete-excluded _site/ username@IP.Add.re.ss:~/notes/_site

note: -avr could be -avz instead

Compress a file or a folder

zip -r -X archive-name.zip folder-to-compress

sd"> sd

sd is a wonderful command-line tool to find and replace sub-strings in files

Replace foo with bar in all files inside pwd:

sd "foo" "bar" ./*

Resources

• awesome-macos-command-line, a GitHub repository by Marcel Bischoff

---

Pandoc

Useful links:

• format options

Convert a Word file into a Markdown file, following the CommonMark standard

pandoc input.docx -f docx -t commonmark -o ~/Desktop/output.md

Convert multiple Word files in a folder in a standalone Markdown file

pandoc *.docx -f docx -t commonmark -s -o ~/Desktop/output.md

Replace commonmark with markdown_mmd to have more features

---

ExifTool

Scripts for the awesome ExifTool. I use them as part of my Photo importing workflow

For all of the following commands, pwd must correspond to the folder containing the pictures to be scanned.

Show metadata

exiftool -s -G

-s is used to show the names in ExifTool commands format. e.g.: instead of "Create Date" you see "CreateDate"
-G is used to show the metadata Group to which the metadata tag belongs.

File renaming

Rename files based on their date and time data.

Images shot at the same moment (photo bursts, for example) are being sorted with increasing single-digit indexes.

Since there are many parameters which might contain conflicting times, there are several different tags which can be analyzed. I sorted them such that the first ones are the ones which are more likely to be found but probably not exact, while the last ones are very precise tags, but less likely to be found in an image metadata.

exiftool '-FileName<FileModifyDate' -d %Y.%m.%d\ -\ %H.%M.%S%%c.%%le -r ./*

exiftool '-FileName<DateTimeCreated' -d %Y.%m.%d\ -\ %H.%M.%S%%c.%%le -r ./*

exiftool '-FileName<CreateDate' -d %Y.%m.%d\ -\ %H.%M.%S%%c.%%le -r ./*

exiftool '-FileName<DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y.%m.%d\ -\ %H.%M.%S%%c.%%le -r ./*

exiftool '-FileName<GPSDateTime' -d %Y.%m.%d\ -\ %H.%M.%S%%c.%%le -r ./*

-r makes the analysis recursive: subfolders are scanned, too.

Directories

Organize files in directories based on each image’s dimensions (resolution)

NOTE: newly created directories are created in pwd

"-Directory<imagesize" ./*

Move files to folders based on year and month

exiftool '-Directory<FileModifyDate' -d ./%Y/%Y.%m -r ./*

exiftool '-Directory<DateTimeCreated' -d ./%Y/%Y.%m -r ./*

exiftool '-Directory<CreateDate' -d ./%Y/%Y.%m -r ./*

exiftool '-Directory<DateTimeOriginal' -d ./%Y/%Y.%m -r ./*

exiftool '-Directory<GPSDateTime' -d ./%Y/%Y.%m -r ./*

add -o after exiftool to copy each image instead of moving it.

Resources

Commands above are a personal adaptation of the ones I found from the following sources:

• ExifTool Commands for Image Organization, by 9° Below
• exiftool Application Documentation

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git

• Dangit, Git!?!

Nextcloud

Manually install applications

move to the Nextcloud apps folder

cd /var/www/nextcloud/apps

download the application package from Nextcloud apps website

wget https://github.com/nextcloud/documentserver_community/releases/download/v0.1.5/documentserver_community.tar.gz # url to the package

extract it (by substituting package_name with the name of the app package)

tar -xvzf package_name.tar.gz

remove compressed package

rm -rf package_name.tar.gz

change permissions for the app’s directory

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/apps/app_name
chmod -R 755 /var/www/nextcloud/apps/app-name

Maintenance mode

enable maintenance mode

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/cloud.tommi.space/public_html/occ maintenance:mode --on

disable maintenance mode

sudo -u www-data php /var/www/cloud.tommi.space/public_html/occ maintenance:mode --off

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Docker

Notes

• Every docker container has an IP assigned by default
• by default, docker doesn’t assign a terminal to a container when it’s run
• Docker has a built-in DNS serves that allows containers to resolve each other
  • DNS server runs at 127.0.0.11

to list all running containers

docker ps

to list running and non-running containers

docker ps -a

to list all the details about a container

docker inspect some-container

to see all the logs of a container running in a background

docker logs some-container

Run

docker run some-image

• add -d to
• add -it to run an image in an interactive way
  • add -i to check for input
  • add -t to prompt on terminal
• -p 80:5000 port-where-user-access:port-of-docker-container
• to store data in an external directory docker run -v /opt/daradir:/var/lib/some-app some-app
• -e ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE=VARIABLE some-app to change an environment variable

Networks

To find which network you’re in, use the inspect command

bridge:

private and internal network

none:

no attachment to any network

docker run some-app --network=none

host:

to access from the web

docker run some-app --network=host

Storage

Docker files are in /var/lib/docker

Questions

• how can I know the Docker Host IP address?